a survey on sensor networks
Mr. Mukund Kumar,Ms. D. Udaya
Published in International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Networking,Wireless and Mobile Communications
ISSN: 2320-7248 Impact Factor:1.8 Volume:2 Issue:3 Year: 08 April,2014 Pages:79-101
Abstract
Wireless micro sensor networks have been identified as one of the most important technologies for the 21st century. This paper traces the history of research in sensor networks over the past three decades, including two important programs of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) spanning this period: the Distributed Sensor Networks (DSN) and the Sensor Information Technology (SensIT) programs. Technology trends that impact the development of sensor networks are reviewed and new applications such as infrastructure security, habitat monitoring, and traffic control are presented. Technical challenges in sensor network development include network discovery, control and routing, collaborative signal and information processing, tasking and querying, and security. The paper concludes by presenting some recent research results in sensor network algorithms, including localized algorithms and directed diffusion, distributed tracking in wireless ad hoc networks, and distributed classification using local agents.
Kewords
Collaborative signal processing, micro sensors, net-work routing and control, querying and tasking, sensor networks, tracking and cla
Reference
[1]“21 ideas for the 21st century,” Business Week, pp. 78–167, Aug. 30, 1999. [2]“10 emerging technologies that will change the world,” Technol. Rev., vol. 106, no. 1, pp. 33–49, Feb. 2003. [3]C. E. Nishimura and D. M. Conlon, “IUSS dual use: Monitoring whales and earthquakes using SOSUS,” Mar. Technol. Soc. J., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 13–21, 1994. [4]Proceedings of the Distributed Sensor Nets Workshop. Pittsburgh, PA: Dept. Comput. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ., 1978. [5]R. F. Sproull and D. Cohen, “High-level protocols,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 66, pp. 1371– 1386, Nov. 1978. [6]P. Nii, E. Feigenbaum, J. Anton, and A. Rockmore, “Signal-to-symbol transformation: HASP/SIAP case study,” AI Mag., vol. 3, pp. 23–36, Spring 1982. [7]R. R. Smith, “The contract net protocol: High-level communication and control in a distributed problem solver,” IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. 29, pp. 1104–1113, Dec. 1980. [8]V. Lesser and D. Corkill, “Functionally accurate, cooperative dis-tributed systems,” IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., vol. 11, pp. 81–96, Jan./Feb. 1981. [9]R. B. Wesson, F. A. Hayes-Roth, J. W. Burge, C. Stasz, and C. A. Sunshine, “Network structures for distributed situation assessment,” IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., vol. SMC-11, pp. 5–23, Jan./Feb. 1981. [10] R. Rashid and G. Robertson, “Accent: A communication oriented network operating system kernel,” in Proc. 8th Symp. Operating System Principles, 1981, pp. 64–75. [11] R. Rashid, D. Julin, D. Orr, R. Sanzi, R. Baron, A. Forin, D. Golub, and M. Jones, “Mach: A system software kernel,” in 34th Computer Society Int. Conf. (COMPCON), San Francisco, CA, 1989. [12] C. Myers, A. Oppenheim, R. Davis, and W. Dove, “Knowledge-based speech analysis and enhancement,” presented at the Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, San Diego, CA, 1984. [13] C. Y. Chong, S. Mori, and K. C. Chang, “Distributed multitarget mul-tisensor tracking,” in Multitarget Multisensor Tracking: Advanced Applications, Y. BarShalom, Ed. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1990, pp. 247–295. [14] , “Distributed tracking in distributed sensor networks,” pre-sented at the Amer. Control Conf., Seattle, WA, 1986. [15] R. T. Lacoss, “Distributed mixed sensor aircraft tracking,” presented at the Amer. Control Conf., Minneapolis, MN, 1987. [16] “Distributed sensor networks,” MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, Rep. No. ESD-TR-88-175, 1986. [17] V. R. Lesser and D. D. Corkill, “The distributed vehicle monitoring testbed: A tool for investigating distributed problem solving net-works,” AI Mag., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 15–33, Fall 1983. [18] D. S. Alberts, J. J. Garska, and F. P. Stein. (1999) Network Centric Warfare: Developing and Leveraging Information Superiority [On-line] Available: http://www.dodccrp.org/NCW/ncw.html [19] (1995) The cooperative engagement capability. [Online] Available: http://techdigest.jhuapl.edu/td1604/APLteam.pdf [20] Y. Carts-Powell. (2000, Apr.) Unattended ground sensors stop and analyze the roses. OE Rep. [Online] Available: http://www.spie.org/ web/oer/april/apr00/cover2.html [21] J. W. Gardner, V. K Varadan, and O. O. Awadelkarim, Microsensors, MEMS and Smart Devices. New York: Wiley, 2001. [22] S. Kumar and D. Shepherd, “SensIT: Sensor information technology for the warfighter,” in Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Information Fusion, 2001, pp. TuC1-3–TuC1-9. [23] J. Corella, “Tactical automated security system (TASS): Air force expeditionary security,” presented at the SPIE Conf. Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications, Orlando, FL, 2003. [24] IEEE 802.15 Working Group for WPAN. [Online] Available: http:// grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/15/ [25] J. M. Kahn, R. H. Katz, and K. S. J. Pister, “Mobile networking for smart dust,” in Proc. ACM/IEEE Int. Conf. Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), 1999, pp. 271–278. [26] R. Hills. (2001, July/Aug.) Sensing for danger. Sci. Technol. Rep. [Online] Available: http://www.llnl.gov/str/JulAug01/Hills.html [27] D. Steere, A. Baptista, D. McNamee, C. Pu, and J. Walpole, “Re-search challenges in environmental observation and forecasting sys-tems,” in Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Mobile Computing and Networking (MOBICOMM), 2000, pp. 292–299. [28] B. Charny. (2002, Dec.) Wireless research senses the future. ZDNet News [Online] Available: http://zdnet.com.com/2100-1105-976377.html [29] D. Jensen. (2002, June) SIVAM: Communication, naviga-tion and surveillance for the Amazon. Avionics Mag. [Online] Available: http://www.aviationtoday.com/reports/avionics/pre-vious/0602/0602sivam.htm [30] K. Lee, “Wireless sensing and IEEE 1451,” presented at the Sensor Conf./Expo 2001, Chicago, IL. [31] B. Deb, S. Bhatnagar, and B. Nath, “A topology discovery algorithm for sensor networks with applications to network management,” Dept. Comput. Sci., Rutgers Univ., Tech. Rep. DCS-TR-441, 2001. [32] J. Hightower and G. Borriello, “Location systems for ubiquitous computing,” IEEE Computer, vol. 34, pp. 57–66, Aug. 2001. [33] D. Estrin, R. Govindan, J. Heidemann, and S. Kumar, “Next century challenges: Scalable coordination in sensor networks,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Mobile Computing and Networking (MOBICOM), 1999, pp. 263–270. [34] P. Gupta and P. R. Kumar, “The capacity of wireless networks,” IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 46, pp. 388–404, Mar. 2000. [35] Y. Yao and J. E. Gehrke, “Query processing in sensors networks,” in Proc. 1st Biennial Conf. Innovative Data Systems Research (CIDR 2003), Asilomar, CA, 2003. [36] C. Intanagonwiwat, R. Govindan, D. Estrin, J. Heidemann, and F. Silva, “Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 11, pp. 2–16, Feb. 2002. [37] C. Y. Chong, F. Zhao, S. Mori, and S. Kumar, “Distributed tracking in wireless ad hoc sensor networks,” in Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Information Fusion, 2003, pp. 431–438. [38] F. Zhao, J. Shin, and J. Reich, “Information-driven dynamic sensor collaboration for tracking applications,” IEEE Signal Processing Mag., vol. 19, pp. 61–72, Mar. 2002. [39] J. Shin, L. J. Guibas, and F. Zhao, “A distributed algorithm for man-aging multitarget identities in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks,” presented at the 2nd Int. Workshop Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN’03), Palo Alto, CA,
