There are a unit two lists below. the primary includes questionable, pedantic open-access publishers. every of those publishers includes a portfolio that ranges from simply some to many individual journal titles.The second list includes individual journals that don't publish beneath the platform of any publisher — they're basically standalone, questionable journals. In each cases, we have a tendency to advocate that researchers, scientists, and teachers avoid doing business with these publishers and journals. students ought to avoid causation article submissions to them, serving on their editorial boards, reviewing papers for them, or advertising in them. Also, tenure and promotion committees ought to offer further scrutiny to articles printed in these journals, for several of them embrace instances of analysis misconduct.
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