devising an appropriate breeding strategy for different crops to face the challenge of climate change

Sukhchain,

Published in International Journal of Advanced Research in Biology and BioTechnology

ISSN: xxxx-xxx          Impact Factor:xx         Volume:1         Issue:1         Year: 16 March,2015         Pages:32-45

International Journal of Advanced Research in Biology and BioTechnology

Abstract

With the exponential rise in carbon dioxide, its concentration will double by the middle of 21st century. The effects of an increase in carbon dioxide would be higher on C3 plants (such as wheat) than on C4 plants (such as maize), as the former is more susceptible to carbon dioxide deficit. Increased CO2 leads to fewer stomata development in case of plants which results in less water usage. It is estimated that under optimum conditions of temperature and humidity, the yield increase could reach 36 % if the levels of CO2 are doubled. A large number of stress responsive genes have been cloned and sequenced from a number of crop plants. A common feature of many stress induced proteins is that their transcripts are induced not only by stress but also by (ABA) abscisic acid. It implies that there is a general role for ABA in the signal transduction pathway i. e. from sensing of the environmental stress and thereby leading to gene expression. To understand this complex network of gene activation requires major studies. A bacterial gene mt1D involved in the biosynthesis of mannitol was introduced into tobacco behind a constitutine promoter 4 and the transgenic plants were assayed for salt resistance. It was further observed that a successful strategy to alleviate the detrimental effects of cellular dehydration stress as experienced during drought, salt or cold stress is through engineering of compatible solutes or osmoprotectants to maintain the water potential of the cell.

Kewords

climate change, abiotic factors, greenhouse gas emissions, temperature.

Reference

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